Protamine-Based Strategies for RNA Transfection

Protamine is a natural cationic peptide mixture mostly known as drug for the neutralization of heparin and compound in formulations slow-release insulin. also used cellular delivery nucleic acids due to opposite charge-driven coupling. This year marks 60 years since first use transfection enhancement agent. Since then, has been broadly stabilization agent RNA delivery. It involved several compositions RNA-based vaccinations clinical development. shows double functionality: it not only protects from degradation within biological systems, but enhances penetration into cells. A Protamine-based system flexible versatile platform that can be adjusted according therapeutic goals: fused with targeting antibodies precise delivery, digested cell penetrating better efficiency or not-covalently mixed functional polymers. manuscript gives an overview strategies employed protamine-based including optimization acid’s stability translational efficiency, well regulation its immunostimulatory properties early studies recent developments.